Git Commands and It's Use

git init

This command use, if you want to start a new empty repository or to reinitialize an existing one in the project root. It will create a .git directory with its subdirectories.

git config --global user.name "Your_Name"

Define the author name to be used for all commits by the current user.

git config --global user.email "Your_Email"

Define the author email to be used for all commits by the current user.

git status

List of all changes in local which files are staged, unstaged, and untracked.

git diff

Show unstaged changes between your index and working directory. It helpfull to see whats new changes performed, by compairing to older.

git add <"directory">

Stage all changes in <"directory"> for the next commit. Replace <"directory"> with a <"file"> to change a specific file. To stage specific <"file"> for commit.

git add .

Add all changes in <"directory"> to stagged at once for the next commit. All changes are stagged for commit.

git commit -m <"message">

Commit the staged snapshot, but instead of launching a text editor, use <"message"> as the commit message.

Replace <"message"> with "commit message".

Commit message should follow related task or change.

git commit --amend -m "new_commit_message"

Change commit message in local.

Replace the last commit with the staged changes and last commit combined. Use with nothing staged to edit the last commit’s message

git remote add origin <url_or_ssh>

Create a new connection to a remote repo. After adding a remote, you can use <"name"> as a shortcut for <"url"> in other commands.

Create a new Repo on remote and connect with local.

git branch

List all of the branches in your repository.

git branch <new_branch_name>

Create a new branch with the given name(<new_branch_name>). Branch name should relate to your work.

git branch -m <old_branch_name> <new_branch_name>

Rename a branch while pointed to any branch.

git checkout <branch_name>

Switch on branch named <branch_name>.

git checkout -b <branch_name>

Create and check out a new branch named <branch_name>.

git branch -d <branch_name>

First make sure you are not on that banch. To delete branch named <branch_name>.

git push origin --delete <remote_branch_name> or git push <remote_name> : <remote_branch_name>

Delete branch named <"remote_branch_name"> from remote.

git push origin <branch_name> or git push --set-upstream orign <branch_name>

Push the branch to <"remote">, along with necessary commits and objects. Creates named branch in the remote repo if it doesn’t exist.

git pull

This is a shorthand for pulling commits into local branch that is tracking a remote branch.

git pull origin master

Let's say you are on local/master, and run this command, git will fetch commits from origin/master and then merge it into local/master.

git stash

If some change (codes) don't want to commit but keep changes for future use(commit).

git stash -u

If some change (adding newFile) don't want to commit but keep changes for future use(commit).

git stash push <paths_you_wish_to_stash>

From multiple changes you don't want to commit some, then stash that by [paths you wish to stash e.g. src/] for future commit.

git stash list

Lists all stashed file or directory.

git stash clear

To clear all stashed lists.

git reset

Reset staging area to match most recent commit, but leave the working directory unchanged.

git reset --hard

Reset staging area and working directory to match most recent commit and overwrites all changes in the working directory.

To discard all recent change in working directory.

git reset --soft

Delete the most recent local commit if not pushed, keeping the work you've done.

git checkout master && git pull

Switch on master branch and pull once. Change branch name as your need.

git clone <"repository_url">

Clone repo located at <"repo"> onto local machine. Original repo can be located on the local filesystem or on a remote machine via HTTP or SSH.

Clone remote repository into your local.

git fetch

Get all the updates from the remote repository, including new branches.

git remote

It will give the name of the remote repository e.g, "origin" or "upstream".

git remote -v

It will give the name as well as the url of the remote repository.