Consider enabling C++23 and C23

[CookiePLMonster]

Describe the enhancement you're suggesting.

Currently, the C and C++ standard seems to be defined as follows:

• FBT - -std=gnu2x for C, -std=c++20 for C++
• uFBT - nothing? for C, -std=c++20 for C++
• vscode config - gnu23 for C, c++20 for C++

Since GCC has partial support for C++23 since GCC11, please consider the following:

1. Enable gnu23 for C in FBT and uFBT, or gnu2x if GCC 12 doesn't support gnu23 yet.
2. Enable gnu++2b for C++ in FBT and uFBT. This gives us access to most C++23 features with GNU extensions. Or, if you don't want the GNU extensions, c++2b will do too.
3. Enable gnu++23 in the vscode config, or c++23 if you don't want the GNU extensions.

Anything else?

No response